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  3. Distributional Effects of Emission Pricing in a Carbon-Intensive Economy: The Case of Poland

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Artículo en revista académica

Distributional Effects of Emission Pricing in a Carbon-Intensive Economy: The Case of Poland

  • person Rodrigo Fuentes

    Marek Antosiewicz; Piotr Lewandowski; Jan Witajewski-Baltvilks

  • class Documento de Trabajo IE-PUC, N° 546, 2020, Energy Policy, Vol. 160, Article 112678

Abstract: In this paper, we assess the distributional impact of introducing a carbon tax in Poland. We apply a two-step simulation procedure. First, we evaluate the economy-wide effects with a dynamic general equilibrium model. Second, we use a microsimulation model based on household budget survey data to assess the effects on various income groups and on inequality. We introduce a new adjustment channel related to employment changes, which is qualitatively different from price and behavioural effects, and is quantitatively important. We find that the overall distributional effect of a carbon tax is largely driven by how the revenue is spent: distributing the revenues from a carbon tax as lump-sum transfers to households reduces income inequality, while spending the revenues on a reduction of labour taxation increases inequality. These results could be relevant for other coal-producing countries, such as South Africa, Germany, or Australia.

Keywords: climate policy; carbon tax; distributional effect; microsimulation; general equilibrium; employment
JEL Classification: H23, P18, O15